fix(api): raise on unsuccessful API responses

[PSR94]

Summary

Make the CodeCarbon API client raise requests.exceptions.HTTPError when the API returns an unexpected HTTP status, while preserving the existing tracker-facing output handling that catches upload failures.

Why this helps

Callers can now distinguish API failures through standard requests exceptions instead of receiving None or False from failed HTTP responses. This supports clearer error handling while keeping emissions uploads from breaking tracker execution.

Changes made

• Added a shared checked request helper in ApiClient that logs API response details and calls raise_for_status().
• Updated API client methods to use the shared helper for expected HTTP status validation.
• Let unsuccessful emission uploads and run creation HTTP responses raise HTTPError.
• Updated API client tests to assert the new error contract.

Testing

• uv run pytest tests/test_api_call.py tests/output_methods/test_http.py -q
• uv run ruff check codecarbon/core/api_client.py tests/test_api_call.py tests/output_methods/test_http.py
• uv run black --check --diff codecarbon/core/api_client.py tests/test_api_call.py tests/output_methods/test_http.py
• CODECARBON_ALLOW_MULTIPLE_RUNS=True uv run pytest --ignore=tests/test_viz_data.py -q -m 'not integ_test' tests/

Closes #820

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 76.00000% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.37%. Comparing base (4afa249) to head (3356785).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
codecarbon/core/api_client.py	76.00%	6 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1288      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   89.70%   90.37%   +0.67%     
==========================================
  Files          48       48              
  Lines        4778     4718      -60     
==========================================
- Hits         4286     4264      -22     
+ Misses        492      454      -38     

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[inimaz]

Thanks for the PR @PSR94 . Unfortunately as you might have been in the issue, it is not enough with throwing the error, one has to go into the places where this client has been called (cli and emissionsTracker) and do a try-catch around them.

There is another PR related to this here --> #1277.
I see 2 options either you go and try-catch them or you wait until that PR does it and once merged resolve the conflicts and use your _request function. What do you think?

[inimaz]

I like this helper!

[benoit-cty]

Indeed it elegant. I will do this in #1277 and will credit you @PSR94 in the release note.

I prefer to merge #1277 as it better address the problem as a whole.