feat(spring): [Cache Tracing 1] Add SentryCacheWrapper and SentryCacheManagerWrapper

[adinauer]

📜 Description

Adds SentryCacheWrapper and SentryCacheManagerWrapper to the sentry-spring-7 module. These wrapper classes instrument Spring's Cache and CacheManager interfaces to produce cache.get, cache.put, cache.remove, and cache.flush spans per the Sentry cache module spec.

Also adds CACHE_HIT_KEY and CACHE_KEY_KEY constants to SpanDataConvention.

💡 Motivation and Context

Closes partially #4120

Other Sentry SDKs (Python, JavaScript) already support cache instrumentation. This is the first PR in a 3-PR stack to add cache tracing support to the Java SDK for Spring Boot 4.

💚 How did you test it?

• Unit tests for SentryCacheWrapper covering all cache.get/cache.put/cache.remove/cache.flush operations, hit/miss detection, error handling, and span data assertions
• Unit tests for SentryCacheManagerWrapper covering cache wrapping, null passthrough, and getCacheNames delegation

📝 Checklist

• I added tests to verify the changes.
• No new PII added or SDK only sends newly added PII if sendDefaultPII is enabled.
• I updated the docs if needed.
• I updated the wizard if needed.
• No breaking change or entry added to the changelog.

🔮 Next steps

• PR 2: Add enableCacheTracing option to SentryOptions/ExternalOptions
• PR 3: Add BeanPostProcessor and Spring Boot 4 auto-configuration

[github-actions]

Semver Impact of This PR

🟡 Minor (new features)

📋 Changelog Preview

This is how your changes will appear in the changelog.
Entries from this PR are highlighted with a left border (blockquote style).

---

New Features ✨

• (spring) [Cache Tracing 1] Add SentryCacheWrapper and SentryCacheManagerWrapper by adinauer in #5137

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_{🤖 This preview updates automatically when you update the PR.}

[github-actions]

	Fails
🚫	Please consider adding a changelog entry for the next release.

	Messages
📖	Do not forget to update Sentry-docs with your feature once the pull request gets approved.

Instructions and example for changelog

Please add an entry to CHANGELOG.md to the "Unreleased" section. Make sure the entry includes this PR's number.

Example:

## Unreleased

### Features

- [Cache Tracing 1] Add SentryCacheWrapper and SentryCacheManagerWrapper ([#5137](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5137))

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Generated by 🚫 dangerJS against 6e4ede5

[github-actions]

Performance metrics 🚀

	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
Startup time	317.48 ms	356.80 ms	39.32 ms
Size	0 B	0 B	0 B

Baseline results on branch: main

Startup times

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
ee747ae	374.71 ms	455.18 ms	80.47 ms
22f4345	314.79 ms	375.02 ms	60.23 ms
91bb874	311.00 ms	363.47 ms	52.47 ms
dba088c	328.51 ms	423.79 ms	95.28 ms
5b66efd	308.67 ms	363.85 ms	55.18 ms
96eeafa	361.43 ms	455.07 ms	93.63 ms
2124a46	319.19 ms	415.04 ms	95.85 ms
d15471f	379.40 ms	470.76 ms	91.36 ms
bbc35bb	324.88 ms	425.73 ms	100.85 ms
d15471f	304.55 ms	408.43 ms	103.87 ms

App size

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
ee747ae	1.58 MiB	2.10 MiB	530.95 KiB
22f4345	1.58 MiB	2.29 MiB	719.83 KiB
91bb874	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	559.07 KiB
dba088c	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	558.99 KiB
5b66efd	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	559.07 KiB
96eeafa	1.58 MiB	2.19 MiB	620.21 KiB
2124a46	1.58 MiB	2.12 MiB	551.51 KiB
d15471f	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	559.54 KiB
bbc35bb	1.58 MiB	2.12 MiB	553.01 KiB
d15471f	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	559.54 KiB

Previous results on branch: feat/cache-tracing-wrappers

Startup times

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
2876c40	339.24 ms	405.65 ms	66.41 ms

App size

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
2876c40	1.58 MiB	2.29 MiB	723.29 KiB

[adinauer]

PR Stack (Cache Tracing)

• #5161 — Collection PR (full diff → main)
• #5137 — Add SentryCacheWrapper and SentryCacheManagerWrapper
• #5141 — Add enableCacheTracing option
• #5142 — Add BeanPostProcessor and auto-configuration