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branch-4.1: [test](regression) Expand Iceberg write evolution coverage #66021#66043

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branch-4.1: [test](regression) Expand Iceberg write evolution coverage #66021#66043
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Cherry-picked from #66021

### What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: None

Related PR: None

Problem Summary: Iceberg write P0 coverage did not systematically
combine schema evolution, partition evolution, snapshot/tag/branch
references, row-level DML, overwrite, Doris source models, partition
transforms, file formats, distribution properties, complex types,
concurrency, and NULL semantics. This PR adds independent suites so
dimensions can run concurrently, compares Doris and Spark results on the
same Doris-written Iceberg tables, and isolates confirmed negative
reproductions behind explicit opt-in switches.

### What changed?

- Cover schema and partition evolution with snapshot, tag, branch,
overwrite, and historical reads.
- Cover ARRAY, MAP, and STRUCT evolution with nested NULL values.
- Cover MOR and COW DELETE, UPDATE, and MERGE behavior, including
duplicate-source cardinality and STRING truncate boundaries.
- Cover current-spec and branch overwrite, delete-file interactions,
failed-write atomicity, and retries.
- Cover Duplicate, Unique MOW, Unique MOR, and Aggregate sources with
RANGE, LIST, unpartitioned, HASH, RANDOM, and AUTO bucket layouts.
- Cover STRING and numeric partition transforms, UTF-8 edge values, NULL
partitions, and transform metadata.
- Cover CTAS, Parquet and ORC writes, Avro rejection, sort order,
distribution mode, multi-file flush, and concurrent commits.
- Add a P0 coverage matrix and deterministic expected outputs.
- Modify regression tests and test documentation only; no production
code is changed.

### Release note

None

### Check List (For Author)

- Test
    - [x] Regression test
    - Built FE and BE from the tested master commit.
    - Validated with one FE and two BEs.
    - Final validation batch: 11 suites, 0 failed, 0 fatal.
- Cross-checked Doris and Spark queries on the same Iceberg tables for
all positive scenarios.
- Confirmed defect reproductions are isolated behind explicit switches
so default P0 remains safe.
- Behavior changed:
    - [x] No.
- Does this need documentation?
    - [x] No.
@github-actions
github-actions Bot requested a review from yiguolei as a code owner July 25, 2026 09:03
@hello-stephen

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Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
Don't know what should be done next? See How to process your PR.

Please clearly describe your PR:

  1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
  2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
  3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
  4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
  5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

@hello-stephen

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run buildall

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