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Feature: Topological Monitor for FNOs (PINA-Topo) #826

Description

@Vrinda12-tech

Feature Description

This feature adds a Topological Monitor for Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) in PINA. It tracks Betti numbers (β₀, β₁) during validation to detect structural hallucinations (ghost islands) that standard MSE loss misses.

Motivation

FNOs are spectrally accurate but topologically blind. By truncating high frequencies (n_modes), they smooth out sharp features, often generating non-physical disconnected components. This monitor gives engineers real-time visibility into structural health.

Proposed Implementation

  • TopologyMonitor: PyTorch Lightning callback using GUDHI's CubicalComplex
  • TopologicalProfiler: Lazy-loaded profiler with state consistency
  • GudhiBackend: Persistent homology with persistence filtering
  • Tutorial notebook demonstrating on Darcy Flow

Dependencies

  • Requires gudhi (optional, installed via pip install gudhi)

Additional Context

I have already implemented this feature and will submit a PR once this issue is created.

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