Wrap all SDK user callbacks in a try catch

[sl0thentr0py]

Callback	On exception
before_send	Logs internal error, drops event
before_send_transaction	Logs internal error, drops event
before_send_log	Logs internal error, drops log
before_send_metric	Logs internal error, drops metric
before_send_span	Logs internal error, emits span
before_breadcrumb	Logs internal error, drops breadcrumb
error_sampler	Logs internal error, falls back to sample_rate
traces_sampler	Logs internal error, falls back to traces_sample_rate
profiles_sampler	Logs internal error, falls back to profiles_sample_rate
event_processor	Logs internal error, drops event
and potentially more 🙈

[linear-code]

RUBY-211