diff --git a/.cursor/rules/overview_dev.mdc b/.cursor/rules/overview_dev.mdc
index a982cfe960..72f7bb28fe 100644
--- a/.cursor/rules/overview_dev.mdc
+++ b/.cursor/rules/overview_dev.mdc
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Use the `fetch_rules` tool to include these rules when working on specific areas
 
 - **`scopes`**: Use when working with:
   - Hub/Scope management, forking, or lifecycle
-  - `Sentry.getCurrentScopes()`, `pushScope()`, `withScope()` 
+  - `Sentry.getCurrentScopes()`, `pushScope()`, `withScope()`
   - `ScopeType` (GLOBAL, ISOLATION, CURRENT)
   - Thread-local storage, scope bleeding issues
   - Migration from Hub API (v7 → v8)
@@ -66,6 +66,22 @@ Use the `fetch_rules` tool to include these rules when working on specific areas
   - `SentryMetricsEvent`, `SentryMetricsEvents`
   - `SentryOptions.getMetrics()`, `beforeSend` callback
 
+- **`profiling_jvm`**: Use when working with:
+  - JVM continuous profiling (`sentry-async-profiler` module)
+  - `IContinuousProfiler`, `JavaContinuousProfiler`
+  - `ProfileChunk`, chunk rotation, JFR file handling
+  - `ProfileLifecycle` (MANUAL vs TRACE modes)
+  - async-profiler integration, ServiceLoader discovery
+  - Rate limiting, offline caching, scopes integration
+
+- **`profiling_android`**: Use when working with:
+  - Android profiling (`sentry-android-core`)
+  - `AndroidContinuousProfiler`, `AndroidProfiler`, `AndroidTransactionProfiler`
+  - `Debug.startMethodTracingSampling()`, trace files
+  - Frame metrics, CPU, memory measurement collectors
+  - `SentryFrameMetricsCollector`, `SpanFrameMetricsCollector`
+  - App start profiling, `AndroidOptionsInitializer` setup
+
 ### Integration & Infrastructure
 - **`opentelemetry`**: Use when working with:
   - OpenTelemetry modules (`sentry-opentelemetry-*`)
@@ -99,7 +115,7 @@ Use the `fetch_rules` tool to include these rules when working on specific areas
    - Public API/apiDump/.api files/binary compatibility/new method → `api`
    - Options/SentryOptions/ExternalOptions/ManifestMetadataReader/sentry.properties → `options`
    - Scope/Hub/forking → `scopes`
-   - Duplicate/dedup → `deduplication` 
+   - Duplicate/dedup → `deduplication`
    - OpenTelemetry/tracing/spans → `opentelemetry`
    - new module/integration/sample → `new_module`
    - Cache/offline/network → `offline`
@@ -107,3 +123,5 @@ Use the `fetch_rules` tool to include these rules when working on specific areas
    - Feature flag/addFeatureFlag/flag evaluation → `feature_flags`
    - Metrics/count/distribution/gauge → `metrics`
    - PR/pull request/stacked PR/stack → `pr`
+   - JVM profiling/async-profiler/JFR/ProfileChunk → `profiling_jvm`
+   - Android profiling/AndroidProfiler/frame metrics/method tracing → `profiling_android`
diff --git a/.cursor/rules/profiling_android.mdc b/.cursor/rules/profiling_android.mdc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b51631cb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.cursor/rules/profiling_android.mdc
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+alwaysApply: false
+description: Android Profiling (sentry-android-core)
+---
+# Android Profiling
+
+Android profiling lives in `sentry-android-core` and uses `Debug.startMethodTracingSampling()` for trace collection, with additional measurement collectors for frames, CPU, and memory.
+
+## Key Classes
+
+### `AndroidContinuousProfiler`
+- Implements `IContinuousProfiler` for continuous profiling across app lifecycle
+- Delegates to `AndroidProfiler` for actual trace collection
+- 60-second chunk duration (`MAX_CHUNK_DURATION_MILLIS`)
+- Platform: "android"
+- Maintains `rootSpanCounter` for TRACE mode, `profilerId` and `chunkId` per session/chunk
+- Collects measurements via `CompositePerformanceCollector` and `SentryFrameMetricsCollector`
+- Thread-safe with `lock` and `payloadLock`
+
+### `AndroidProfiler`
+- Low-level wrapper around `Debug.startMethodTracingSampling()`
+- Buffer size: 3MB, timeout: 30 seconds (for transaction profiling)
+- `start()`: Calls `Debug.startMethodTracingSampling(path, bufferSize, intervalUs)` and registers frame metrics listener
+- `endAndCollect()`: Stops tracing, collects measurements, returns `ProfileEndData` with trace file and measurements
+
+### `AndroidTransactionProfiler`
+- Implements `ITransactionProfiler` for per-transaction profiling (legacy)
+- `start()` / `bindTransaction()` / `onTransactionFinish()` lifecycle
+- Returns `ProfilingTraceData` on finish
+
+## Measurement Collectors
+
+- **`SentryFrameMetricsCollector`**: Frame metrics via `Window.OnFrameMetricsAvailableListener`
+  - Uses `Choreographer` reflection for frame start timestamps
+  - Tracks slow frames (> expected duration at refresh rate) and frozen frames (> 700ms)
+- **`AndroidMemoryCollector`**: Heap (`Runtime`) and native memory (`Debug.getNativeHeapSize()`)
+- **`AndroidCpuCollector`**: CPU usage from `/proc/self/stat`
+- **`SpanFrameMetricsCollector`**: Per-span frame metrics with interpolation
+
+## Measurements Included in Profile Chunks
+
+| Measurement | Unit | Source |
+|---|---|---|
+| Slow frame renders | nanoseconds | `SentryFrameMetricsCollector` |
+| Frozen frame renders | nanoseconds | `SentryFrameMetricsCollector` |
+| Screen frame rates | Hz | `SentryFrameMetricsCollector` |
+| CPU usage | percent | `AndroidCpuCollector` |
+| Memory footprint | bytes | `AndroidMemoryCollector` (heap) |
+| Native memory footprint | bytes | `AndroidMemoryCollector` (native) |
+
+## Configuration
+
+Same base options as JVM profiling (`profilesSampleRate`, `profileLifecycle`, `profilingTracesHz`), plus:
+- `profilingTracesDirPath` set automatically from app cache directory
+- Frame metrics collector initialized with Android `Context`
+- Setup in `AndroidOptionsInitializer.installDefaultIntegrations()`
+
+## Profiling Flow
+
+**Start**: `AndroidContinuousProfiler.start()` -> `AndroidProfiler.start()` -> `Debug.startMethodTracingSampling()` + register frame metrics listener + schedule 60s timeout
+
+**Chunk Rotation** (every 60s): Stop tracing -> collect measurements -> create `ProfileChunk.Builder` with measurements and trace file -> queue in `payloadBuilders` -> restart profiler
+
+**Sending**: `sendChunks()` builds each `ProfileChunk.Builder` and calls `scopes.captureProfileChunk()`
+
+**Lifecycle modes**: Same as JVM - MANUAL (explicit start/stop) and TRACE (`rootSpanCounter` for automatic lifecycle)
+
+## Initialization
+
+In `AndroidOptionsInitializer`:
+- `AndroidContinuousProfiler` created with `AndroidProfiler`, `BuildInfoProvider`, `SentryFrameMetricsCollector`
+- Profiler may already be running from app start profiling before SDK init
+- If already running at init, existing chunk ID is preserved
+
+## Code Locations
+
+- `sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/AndroidContinuousProfiler.java`
+- `sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/AndroidProfiler.java`
+- `sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/AndroidTransactionProfiler.java`
+- `sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/AndroidMemoryCollector.java`
+- `sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/AndroidCpuCollector.java`
+- `sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/SpanFrameMetricsCollector.java`
+- `sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/internal/util/SentryFrameMetricsCollector.java`
diff --git a/.cursor/rules/profiling_jvm.mdc b/.cursor/rules/profiling_jvm.mdc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aed815bc3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.cursor/rules/profiling_jvm.mdc
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+---
+alwaysApply: false
+description: JVM Continuous Profiling (sentry-async-profiler)
+---
+# JVM Continuous Profiling
+
+The `sentry-async-profiler` module integrates async-profiler for low-overhead CPU profiling on JVM.
+
+## Module Structure
+
+- **`sentry-async-profiler`**: Standalone module containing async-profiler integration
+  - Uses Java ServiceLoader pattern for discovery
+  - No direct dependency from core `sentry` module
+  - Opt-in by adding module as dependency
+
+- **`sentry` core abstractions**:
+  - `IContinuousProfiler`: Interface for profiler implementations
+  - `ProfileChunk`: Profile data structure sent to Sentry
+  - `IProfileConverter`: Converts JFR files to Sentry format
+  - `ProfileLifecycle`: Controls lifecycle (MANUAL vs TRACE)
+  - `ProfilingServiceLoader`: ServiceLoader discovery
+
+## Key Classes
+
+### `JavaContinuousProfiler` (sentry-async-profiler)
+- Wraps native async-profiler library
+- Writes JFR files to `profilingTracesDirPath`
+- Rotates chunks periodically (`MAX_CHUNK_DURATION_MILLIS`, default 10s)
+- Implements `RateLimiter.IRateLimitObserver` for rate limiting
+- Maintains `rootSpanCounter` for TRACE mode lifecycle
+- Platform: "java", Chunk ID always `EMPTY_ID`
+
+### `ProfileChunk`
+- Contains profiler ID (session-level, persists across chunks), chunk ID, JFR file reference
+- Built using `ProfileChunk.Builder`
+- JFR file converted to `SentryProfile` before sending
+
+### `ProfileLifecycle`
+- `MANUAL`: Explicit `Sentry.startProfiler()` / `stopProfiler()` calls
+- `TRACE`: Automatic, tied to active sampled root spans
+
+## Configuration
+
+- **`profilesSampleRate`**: Sample rate (0.0 to 1.0)
+- **`profileLifecycle`**: `ProfileLifecycle.MANUAL` (default) or `ProfileLifecycle.TRACE`
+- **`cacheDirPath`**: Directory for JFR files (required)
+- **`profilingTracesHz`**: Sampling frequency in Hz (default: 101)
+
+```java
+options.setProfilesSampleRate(1.0);
+options.setCacheDirPath("/tmp/sentry-cache");
+options.setProfileLifecycle(ProfileLifecycle.MANUAL);
+```
+
+## How It Works
+
+### Initialization
+`ProfilingServiceLoader.loadContinuousProfiler()` uses ServiceLoader to find `AsyncProfilerContinuousProfilerProvider`, which instantiates `JavaContinuousProfiler`.
+
+### Profiling Flow
+
+**Start**:
+- Sampling decision via `TracesSampler`
+- Rate limit check (abort if active)
+- Generate JFR filename: `<cacheDirPath>/<UUID>.jfr`
+- Execute async-profiler: `start,jfr,event=wall,nobatch,interval=<interval>,file=<path>`
+- Schedule chunk rotation (default: 10 seconds)
+
+**Chunk Rotation**:
+- Stop profiler and validate JFR file
+- Create `ProfileChunk.Builder` with profiler ID, chunk ID, file, timestamp, platform
+- Store in `payloadBuilders` list
+- Send chunks if scopes available
+- Restart profiler for next chunk
+
+**Stop**:
+- MANUAL: Stop without restart, reset profiler ID
+- TRACE: Decrement `rootSpanCounter`, stop only when counter reaches 0
+
+### Sending
+- Chunks in `payloadBuilders` built via `builder.build(options)`
+- Captured via `scopes.captureProfileChunk(chunk)`
+- JFR converted to `SentryProfile` using `IProfileConverter`
+- Sent as envelope to Sentry
+
+## TRACE Mode Lifecycle
+- `rootSpanCounter` incremented when sampled root span starts
+- `rootSpanCounter` decremented when root span finishes
+- Profiler runs while counter > 0
+- Allows multiple concurrent transactions to share profiler session
+
+## Rate Limiting and Offline
+
+### Rate Limiting
+- Registers as `RateLimiter.IRateLimitObserver`
+- When rate limited for `ProfileChunk` or `All`:
+  - Stops immediately without restart
+  - Discards current chunk
+  - Resets profiler ID
+- Checked before starting
+- Does NOT auto-restart when rate limit expires
+
+### Offline Behavior
+- JFR files written to `cacheDirPath`, marked `deleteOnExit()`
+- `ProfileChunk.Builder` buffered in `payloadBuilders` if offline
+- Sent when SDK comes online, files deleted after successful send
+- Profiler can start before SDK initialized - chunks buffered until scopes available (`initScopes()`)
+
+## Extending
+
+Implement `IContinuousProfiler` and `JavaContinuousProfilerProvider`, register in `META-INF/services/io.sentry.profiling.JavaContinuousProfilerProvider`.
+
+Implement `IProfileConverter` and `JavaProfileConverterProvider`, register in `META-INF/services/io.sentry.profiling.JavaProfileConverterProvider`.
+
+## Code Locations
+
+- `sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/IContinuousProfiler.java`
+- `sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/ProfileChunk.java`
+- `sentry-async-profiler/src/main/java/io/sentry/asyncprofiler/profiling/JavaContinuousProfiler.java`
+- `sentry-async-profiler/src/main/java/io/sentry/asyncprofiler/convert/JfrAsyncProfilerToSentryProfileConverter.java`